شرح قواعدأنواع الجمل
إخواني واخواتي الطلبة والطالبات تقبلوا من هذه المشاركة المتواضعة ، أرحب بأسألتكم
إخواني واخواتي الطلبة والطالبات تقبلوا من هذه المشاركة المتواضعة ، أرحب بأسألتكم
الجملة المركبة Sentences: Simple, Compound, and Complex
1. Simple Sentences
A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence: a subject, a verb, and a completed thought.
Examples of simple sentences include the following:
1. Ahmed waited for the train.
" Ahmed " = subject, "waited" = verb
2. The train was late.
"The train" = subject, "was" = verb
3. Ali and Nadia took the bus.
" Ali and Nadia " = compound subject, "took" = verb
4. I looked Ali and Nadia at the bus station.
"I" = subject, "looked" = verb
5. Ali and Nadia arrived at the bus station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived.
"Ali and Nadia " = compound subject, "arrived" and "left" = compound verb
Tip: If you use many simple sentences in an essay, you should consider revising some of the sentences into compound or complex sentences (explained below).
The use of compound subjects, compound verbs, prepositional phrases (such as "at the bus station"), and other elements help lengthen simple sentences, but simple sentences often are short. The use of too many simple sentences can make writing "choppy" and can prevent the writing from flowing smoothly.
2. Compound Sentences
A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two independent clauses (or complete sentences) connected to one another with a coordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunctions are easy to remember if you think of the words "FAN BOYS":
• For
• And
• Nor
• But
• Or
• Yet
• So
Examples of compound sentences include the following:
1. Joe waited for the train, but the train was late.
2. I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station, but they arrived at the station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived.
3. Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived.
4. Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station.
Tip: If you rely heavily on compound sentences in an essay, you should consider revising some of them into complex sentences (explained below).
Coordinating conjunctions are useful for connecting sentences, but compound sentences often are overused. While coordinating conjunctions can indicate some type of relationship between the two independent clauses in the sentence, they sometimes do not indicate much of a relationship. The word "and," for example, only adds one independent clause to another, without indicating how the two parts of a sentence are logically related. Too many compound sentences that use "and" can weaken writing.
Clearer and more specific relationships can be established through the use of complex sentences.
3. الجملة المعقدة Complex Sentences
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses connected to it. A dependent clause is similar to an independent clause, or complete sentence, but it lacks one of the elements that would make it a complete sentence.
Examples of dependent clauses include the following:
• because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon
• while he waited at the train station
• after they left on the bus
Dependent clauses such as those above cannot stand alone as a sentence, but they can be added to an independent clause to form a complex sentence.
Dependent clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. Below are some of the most common subordinating conjunctions:
1. Simple Sentences
A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence: a subject, a verb, and a completed thought.
Examples of simple sentences include the following:
1. Ahmed waited for the train.
" Ahmed " = subject, "waited" = verb
2. The train was late.
"The train" = subject, "was" = verb
3. Ali and Nadia took the bus.
" Ali and Nadia " = compound subject, "took" = verb
4. I looked Ali and Nadia at the bus station.
"I" = subject, "looked" = verb
5. Ali and Nadia arrived at the bus station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived.
"Ali and Nadia " = compound subject, "arrived" and "left" = compound verb
Tip: If you use many simple sentences in an essay, you should consider revising some of the sentences into compound or complex sentences (explained below).
The use of compound subjects, compound verbs, prepositional phrases (such as "at the bus station"), and other elements help lengthen simple sentences, but simple sentences often are short. The use of too many simple sentences can make writing "choppy" and can prevent the writing from flowing smoothly.
2. Compound Sentences
A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two independent clauses (or complete sentences) connected to one another with a coordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunctions are easy to remember if you think of the words "FAN BOYS":
• For
• And
• Nor
• But
• Or
• Yet
• So
Examples of compound sentences include the following:
1. Joe waited for the train, but the train was late.
2. I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station, but they arrived at the station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived.
3. Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived.
4. Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station.
Tip: If you rely heavily on compound sentences in an essay, you should consider revising some of them into complex sentences (explained below).
Coordinating conjunctions are useful for connecting sentences, but compound sentences often are overused. While coordinating conjunctions can indicate some type of relationship between the two independent clauses in the sentence, they sometimes do not indicate much of a relationship. The word "and," for example, only adds one independent clause to another, without indicating how the two parts of a sentence are logically related. Too many compound sentences that use "and" can weaken writing.
Clearer and more specific relationships can be established through the use of complex sentences.
3. الجملة المعقدة Complex Sentences
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses connected to it. A dependent clause is similar to an independent clause, or complete sentence, but it lacks one of the elements that would make it a complete sentence.
Examples of dependent clauses include the following:
• because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon
• while he waited at the train station
• after they left on the bus
Dependent clauses such as those above cannot stand alone as a sentence, but they can be added to an independent clause to form a complex sentence.
Dependent clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. Below are some of the most common subordinating conjunctions:
• after
• although
• as
• because
• before
• even though
• if
• since
• though
• unless
• until
• when
• whenever
• whereas
• wherever
• while
