Word formation
The word in English has many forms. For example, noun, adjective, verb and adverb. I will explain the positions of each form; that will make it easier for you to select the correct form for any word.
الكلمة في اللغة الإنجليزية لها عدة أشكال أو صيغ, فقد تأتي على هيئة اسم أو فعل أو صفة أو حال.ضمن هذا الملف سيتم شرح المواقع التي تحدد صيغة كل كلمة وهذا سيسهل على الطلبة تحديد صيغة أي كلمة.
Verbs
English verbs have the following positions:
1- It comes after the subject (noun or pronoun). يأتي الفعل بعد الفاعل سواء كان الفاعل ضمير أو اسم. على سبيل المثال:
a- My father saves a lot of the money
b- I know the way.
c- They borrow a new film for me
d-Ahmad prepared well for his final exams
2- Verbs directly come after the modals: (will,would,shall,should,can,could,may,might,must, have to ,had to ) for example:
يأتي الفعل مباشره بعد الأفعال الناقصة ويكون مجرد, على سبيل المثال:
a- I couldn’t do it.
b-Ahmad might provide me with some examples
c- If it is built, the factory will pollute the river.
3- It comes after (don’t, doesn’t, didn’t)
يأتي الفعل في حالة المجرد بعد الأفعال المذكورة بين الأقواس
a- I don’t care if he comes or not.
b- She heard the phone rang but she didn’t answer.
4- Verbs come after (have, has, had) in the state of past participle.
يأتي الفعل بعد الأفعال المذكورة في الأقواس ولكن في حالة التصريف الثالث على سبيل المثال:
a- Laila has chosen the red dress.
b- Have you organized you timetable?
5- It comes after is, am, are, was, were) v+ing
يأتي الفعل بعد الأفعال بين الأقواس بحيث يكون ملحق ب ing وتكون الجملة في حالة البني للمعلوم.
a- People are consuming too much of energy nowadays.
b- They were collecting donations when I arrived.
6- It comes after the subject in questions that start with (do ,does,did,can,could ,will ,would,may,might …..etc) and so the verb should be in its infinitive form.
a- Do you feed the horse?
b- Could you bring me a glass of water, please?
7- Verbs directly come after (to, in order to, so as to, have to, had to, has to)
يأتي الفعل بعد الكلمات الواردة بين الأقواس
a- You must eat to survive
b- We moved house last year so as to be closer to our children.
c- In order not to over sleep, I have to set the alarm for seven o’clock.
8- Verbs come after (let, help, heard, see, make, notice, feel, smell……..etc)
يأتي الفعل بعد الأفعال المذكورة بين الأقواس وهي غالبا ما تكزن أفعال الحواس.
a- I heard the rain fall on the roof
b- She made her son clean his room.
Nouns.
Nouns: expressions that refer to a person, place,thing ,event………….etc)
الأسماء هي الكلمات التي تعود على شخص او مكان او شئ
There are certain word endings that show that a word is a noun, for example:
Activity, nationality
ity-
Appointment, development
– ment
Relation, foundation
– ation
childhood
– hood
happiness
– ness
1- Nouns often come after one or more adjectives.
يأتي الاسم بعد الصفة
a- Ahmad achieves a great success in his work
2- Nouns often come after a determiner like(a,an,the,his ,her,my,your,their,our,its,this,those,these,some,m uch,little,few,many, any)
يأتي الاسم بعد المحددات المذكورة بين الأقواس
a- Your observations are very important.
b- There isn’t any pollution in the water.
c- Whenever he comes to a decision, nobody can stop him.
d- The two leaders have shown many differences in their opinions.
3- Nouns often come at the beginning of the sentence as the subject of the sentence.
يأتي الاسم في بداية الجملة حيث يكون هو الفاعل في الجملة
a- Investment in youth helps the growth of our country.
b- Government must supply salaries for its employees.
4- Nouns often come after verbs (serve as the object of the verb)
بأتي الاسم بعد الظرف
a- The poor need help
b- He likes coffee.
5- Nouns come between the————-of.
تأتي الأسماء بالفراغ بين the ———–of
a- The consumption of oil in Palestine is too large.
6- Nouns come after (piece of, a lot of. a list of, in, for, about)
تأتي الأسماء بعد الكلمات الوارده بين الأقواس والتي غالبا ما تنتهي of
a- We have a list of safety rules in our school
Adjectives
Adjectives: describes and give more information about the noun
الصفات تستخدم لوصف وإعطاء معلومات عن الاسم
Some adjectives can be identified by their endings. Typical adjective endings include:
-able/-ible
achievable, capable, illegible, remarkable
-al
biographical, functional, internal, logical
-ful
beautiful, careful, grateful, harmful
-ic
cubic, manic, rustic, terrific
-ive
attractive, dismissive, inventive, persuasive
-less
breathless, careless, groundless, restless
-ous
courageous, dangerous, disastrous, fabulous
-ing
Polluting,excitind
-ed
Polluted, amazed
1- Adjectives often come before nouns
تأتي الصفة عادة قبل الاسم
a- John is an honest man
b- Palestinians have strong patriotic feelings about Palestine
2- Adjectives often come after (is, am, are, was.were, be)
تأتي الصفات قبل الأفعال المساعدة
a- John is rich
b- The party last night was fantastic
c- These days were hot.
d- I am not angry.
3- Adjectives come after predicative verbs (seem, look, appeare, become, feel, smell, taste
تأتي الصفات قبل الأفعال المذكورة بين الأقواس
a- The soup smells good
b- The children feel happy
c- The weather becomes cold.
4- Adjectives often come after (very, so, too, extremely, less)
a- She is very helpful
b- It was less violent storm
5- Adjectives come after (more, most)
تأتي الصفات بعد صيغ المقارنة والتفضيل
a- Alia is more beautiful that Ahlam.
b- Water is the most important thing in our life.
6- Adjectives come after adverbs.
تأتي الصفات بعد الظروف
a- He is totally dependent on his parents.
7- After adjectives
She was wearing a beautiful long red dress.
Adverb
Adverbs: words that tell you more about the verb, adjective and the adverb itself
Adverbs usually ends with (ly), we can form an adverb by adding (ly) to the adjective
1- Adverbs come after verbs to describe them:
الظروف تأتي بعد الفعل لوصفه
a- She drives carefully
b- He walks slowly
2- Adverbs often come before the main verb and after the helping verb (have, had, has, is, am, are, was, were….etc)
تأتي الظروف قبل الفعل الرئيسي وبعد الفعل المساعد
a- The finally finished building the new dam.
b- The floods had actually been dangerous.
3- Adverbs come before adjectives
تأتي الظروف قبل الصفات
a- He is really beautiful
4- Adjectives often come at the beginning of the sentence. ———-,
تأتي الظروف في بداية الجملة على أن يكون بعد الظرف فاصلة
a- Luckily, I succeeded in the exam.
Some adverbs have no particular form such as:
Hard,well,late,fast.
